Hurricane Melissa made landfall in Jamaica on October 28, 2025, as a powerful Category 5 storm—the strongest to threaten the island in recorded history. With sustained winds reaching 175 miles per hour , the storm has brought catastrophic conditions, including life-threatening flooding, storm surges, and widespread infrastructure damage.

The U.S. National Hurricane Center described the situation as "catastrophic," with forecasts predicting up to 40 inches of rain in some areas, particularly in the mountainous regions. The slow-moving nature of the storm has exacerbated the threat, leading to flash floods and landslides. A storm surge of up to 13 feet is also expected along the southern coastline.

In response to the unfolding disaster, Jamaican authorities have activated over 880 shelters across the island. However, reports indicate that fewer than 1,000 people had taken refuge in these shelters by Sunday night, raising concerns about preparedness and response efforts. Prime Minister Andrew Holness has ordered mandatory evacuations in several vulnerable communities, including Port Royal and Old Harbour Bay, and has appealed for international assistance to support relief and recovery operations.

The Jamaica Defence Force has mobilized the National Reserve as part of the emergency response plan. Additionally, the International Organization for Migration and other aid organizations are coordinating relief efforts, with supplies expected to arrive by Thursday.

The storm's intensity and slow movement have led to significant power outages, downed trees, and damaged infrastructure. The western regions of Jamaica have been reported as the hardest hit, with officials warning that many communities may not survive the flooding.

Hurricane Melissa's rapid intensification is linked to unusually warm Atlantic Ocean waters, a trend that climate scientists attribute to climate change. This marks the third Category 5 hurricane of the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season, underscoring concerns about the increasing frequency and severity of such storms.

As the storm continues to impact Jamaica, authorities urge residents to remain in shelters and avoid unnecessary travel. The situation remains dire, with ongoing efforts to assess damage and provide assistance to affected communities.

Sources: BBC News, Earth.org, CNN, Jamaica Gleaner