A ceasefire between India and Pakistan remained in place on Sunday, May 11, 2025, following several days of intense military conflict—the most severe between the two nations in nearly three decades. The recent hostilities resulted in approximately 70 fatalities across both countries.

The escalation began after a terrorist attack on April 22 in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir, which killed 26 civilians, primarily Hindu tourists. The Resistance Front, affiliated with Lashkar-e-Taiba—a group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations—claimed responsibility. India blamed the attack on militants based in Pakistan, an accusation that Islamabad has denied.
 

India launched "Operation Sindoor" on May 7 in retaliation, striking what it identified as terrorist infrastructure in nine locations within Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The campaign included the use of Rafale fighter jets and loitering munitions. Indian authorities stated that the strikes targeted groups including Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba, while avoiding Pakistani military installations.
 

Pakistan responded by claiming it had intercepted Indian drones and aircraft, and that some strikes had caused civilian casualties. India denied these claims, resulting in conflicting reports from both sides.
 

The United States played a key role in mediating a truce. On May 10, President Donald Trump announced that both India and Pakistan had agreed to a “full and immediate ceasefire.” He also expressed U.S. readiness to support dialogue over the Kashmir issue and strengthen bilateral trade with both countries.
 

Despite the ceasefire, brief artillery fire was reported in Indian-controlled Kashmir soon after the agreement. Both nations accused each other of breaching the truce.
 

The ceasefire has brought temporary relief to communities near the Line of Control. Many residents were evacuated during the conflict and have not yet returned, as officials continue to advise caution. Damage to infrastructure, including the Uri hydroelectric plant, has added to the delays in resettlement.
 

The international response has been largely positive. Pope Leo XIV, in his first public appearance since his election on May 8, called for peace and expressed hope that the ceasefire would lead to lasting resolution.
 

Nevertheless, significant issues remain unresolved. The Indus Waters Treaty, which regulates water sharing between the two nations, is still suspended following India’s withdrawal after the April attack. Pakistan has indicated its intent to pursue international arbitration.
 

While the ceasefire has paused active hostilities, enduring mistrust and geopolitical tensions continue to threaten long-term peace.

Sources: Compiled from CNN and Reuters reports, May 2025