During his December 2025 visit to India, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi finalized key agreements, including a US$2 billion deal for a nuclear‑powered submarine. The deal, originally agreed upon in 2019, will see India receive the submarine in 2028.

A major aspect of the visit was a renewed commitment to energy cooperation, with Russia promising to continue stable oil shipments to India. Despite global sanctions on Russian oil, India remains a major buyer, benefiting from discounted prices. This deal highlights India’s ongoing strategy to diversify its energy sources while maintaining energy security.

In addition to defense and energy, the leaders discussed expanding cooperation in technology and manufacturing, with an eye on strengthening economic ties. Russia’s support in areas such as aerospace and missile systems is expected to further bolster India’s defense capabilities. These areas of collaboration show a deepening of bilateral ties that go beyond traditional sectors like energy and defense.

The leaders also addressed global geopolitical concerns, including rising tensions in the Indo‑Pacific region. India’s strategic relationship with Russia, particularly in defense and energy, plays a key role in balancing relations with Western powers and regional neighbors.

Sources: CNN, Reuters, AP News